total number of species within an ecosystem and to the resulting complexity of interactions among them. (It includes all the range of ecosystems and varieties of plants, animals and micro organisms within them).
- ecological diversity
- species diversity
- genetic diversity.
Ecological diversity: collection of different environment types in a region. (In Malaysia, ecological diversity includes coastal vegetation, tropical rain forest up to the montane vegetation).
Species diversity: variety of living things on earth. It includes mammal, reptiles, amphibians, birds, insects and invertebrates.
Genetic diversity: variations at the level of individual genes. (These variations are caused by meiosis during sexual reproduction, artificial selection and genetic recombination).
Genetic diversity provides a mechanism for populations to adapt to their ever-changing environment. The more variations, the better the chance that at least some of the individuals will have an allele that is suited for the new environment.
In Malaysia: genetic diversity can be seen in both wild and domesticated animals, plants and insects.
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